Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East
Russian Nuclear and Missile Exports to Iran[1]
CNS Issue Brief on WMD in the Middle East
Nuclear Exports
Russian construction of a light-water power reactor for Iran's nuclear power station at Bushehr, pursuant to an agreement signed in January 1995, has raised significant proliferation concerns despite pledges from both countries that the reactor will be placed under IAEA safeguards.[2] Although the United States raised these concerns through the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission and other bilateral channels, Russia remains determined to fulfill its obligations under the $800 million deal, and the Bushehr reactor is scheduled for completion in 2003. Iran has asked Russia to bid on the construction of three additional power reactors, the price for which could total up to $3 billion.[3] Negotiations over the sale of a heavy-water research reactor were reported in December 1998, and blueprints for these facilities were reportedly provided to Iran.[15] Plans to construct a gas centrifuge enrichment facility in Iran, however, have been cancelled, and the status of a light-water research reactor and a nuclear-powered desalination plant remains uncertain.
In August 1995, Russia entered into a 10-year contract to supply nuclear fuel for the Bushehr plant. Although the January 1995 agreement originally provided for the delivery of 2,000 MT of natural uranium, this aspect of the agreement may also have been cancelled.[4] Some reports, which Moscow has consistently denied, indicate that Russia has also provided assistance in mining and milling technology to Iran, possibly through clandestine channels without official approval.[5] Russia is currently training Iranian physicists and engineers at a leading center for nuclear research in Moscow and a nuclear power station at Novovoronezh.[6]
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